Some further argue that the essay influenced , as well as Soviet and Arab antisemites.
The term is confusing, for in modern usage 'Semitic' designates a language group, not a race.
According to , antisemitic policies are a sign of a state which is poorly governed.
The middle 19th century saw continued official harassment of the Jews, especially in Eastern Europe under Czarist influence.
The crux was the manipulation and control by the Jews of the money economy: According to the present constitution of this world, the Jew in truth is already more than emancipated: he rules, and will rule, so long as Money remains the power before which all our doings and our dealings lose their force.
In addition, Jews were forced to convert to or face death in some parts of , and several times between the 12th and 18th centuries.